Table 3 Examples of Big Data Projects in Smart City Components

Transportation, Mobility, and Logistics

An accelerated-time simulation for traffic flow (ATISMART model) based on the use of smart traffic lights and signals as a part of a smart city project. Accelerated-time simulations for traffic flow should take into consideration three different factors: the city map, the cars, and the smart signals. To implement a smart traffic flow, there are some requirements to consider such as network sensors, traffic lights, and CAS as the mathematical core of the model and Java for the GUI [16].

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Healthcare

“Ministry of Health and Welfare initiated the Social Welfare Integrated Management Network to analyze 385 different types of public data from 35 agencies and comprehensively manage welfare benefits and services provided by the central government, as well as by local governments, to deserving recipients” [23].

South Korea

Public safety

“The Ministry of Food, Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries and the Ministry of Public Administration and Security, or MOPAS, plan to launch the Preventing Foot and Mouth Disease Syndrome system, harnessing big data related to animal disease overseas, customs/immigration records, breeding farm surveys, livestock migration, and workers in the livestock industry” [23].

South Korea

“In 2004, to address national security, infectious diseases, and other national concerns, the Singapore government launched the Risk Assessment and Horizon Scanning (RAHS) program within the National Security Coordination Centre. Collecting and analyzing large-scale data sets, it proactively manages national threats, including terrorist attacks, infectious diseases, and financial crisis. … A notable REC application is exploration of possible scenarios involving importation of avian influenza into Singapore and assessment of the threat of outbreaks occurring throughout southeast Asia” [23].

Singapore

Education

NEdNet (National Education Network) is an integrated system including network infrastructure services, education information services (EIS), and learning services, which facilitate higher-order thinking skills, support learner-centered self-directed and tailored learning, and decision support [13].

Thailand

Natural resources & energy

The UK government established the Horizon Scanning Centre (HSC) in 2004 to improve the government’s ability to deal with cross-departmental and multi-disciplinary challenges. In 2011, the HSC’s Foresight International Dimensions of Climate Change effort addressed climate change and its effects on the availability of food and water, regional tensions, and international stability and security by performing in depth analysis on multiple data channels [23].

UK

Government & agency administration

“To manage real-time analysis of high volume streaming data, develop a massively scalable, clustered infrastructure. … For discovery and visualization of information from thousands of real-time sources, encompassing application development and systems management built on Hadoop, stream computing, and data warehousing” [12].

USA

“In 2009, the U.S. government launched data.gov as a step toward government transparency and accountability. It is a warehouse containing 420,894 datasets covering transportation, economy, health care, education, and human services and the data source” [12].

“In 2011, Syracuse, NY, in collaboration with IBM, launched a Smarter City project to use big data to help predict and prevent vacant residential properties. Michigan’s Department of Information Technology constructed a data warehouse to provide a single source of information” [12].