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Table 1 Main themes for investigation with associated main results

From: On organisational involvement and collaboration in W3C standards through editorship

Characterisation of organisational involvement in W3C standardisation

• A standardisation organisation and larger enterprises are dominating involvement overall with respect to editorship.

• The United States and other countries where the majority of citizens are native English speakers dominate involvement.

Characterisation of organisational involvement over time

• W3C standard development has proceeded over approximately 20 years.

• A strong growth in number of standard development projects has been experienced over time.

• Larger enterprises have been most extensively involved over time compared to other organisation types.

• The United States have been continuously involved in standards released since the beginning of W3C standardisation.

Organisational involvement in different technologies

• Larger enterprises dominate by contributing primarily to the most highly ranked technologies.

• Larger enterprises are alone editors in standards for 12 of 89 technologies

• Universities are alone editors in standards for two technologies.

• The United States dominate by contributing primarily to the most highly ranked technologies.

• The United States are alone editors in standards for 17 of 89 technologies.

• Great Britain are alone editors in standards for two technologies.

Organisational involvement in relation to standard development time

• Development time for standards is diversified and spans from a couple of months to 15 years for different standards.

• There are significant differences in development time for standards involving different organisation types and countries.

• Standards involving research institutes have the shortest development time.

• Standards involving universities have the longest development time.

Organisational collaboration in W3C standardisation

• There is extensive collaboration between different organisations, types of organisations, and countries.

• Larger enterprises have the most extensive collaboration with other organisation types.

• Larger enterprises and universities collaborate most extensively.

• The United States have the most extensive collaboration with other countries.

• The United States and Great Britain collaborate most extensively.

• The majority of organisations with extensive involvement have extensive collaboration.

• The level of involvement and collaboration is similar for the different organisation types.

• All countries with extensive involvement have extensive collaboration.